Science Articles

Functions of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids in Lipid Metabolism

It is known that plasma lipid levels are controlled not only by dietary fat and carbohydrate but also by dietary protein and amino acids.
Although it used to be thought that the source of protein was important, it is known that amino acid composition, amino acids themselves,
and peptides from digested protein are more important than the protein source…

Effect of amino acid deprivation on initiation of protein synthesis in rat hepatocytes

…Deprivation of total amino acids or single, essential amino acids resulted in a rapid decrease
in the rate of protein synthesis, which was readily reversed by re-addition of the deficient amino acid(s).…

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American Journal of Cell Physiology

The GCN2 eIF2α Kinase Regulates Fatty-Acid Homeostasis in the Liver during Deprivation of an Essential Amino Acid

Metabolic adaptation is required to cope with episodes of protein deprivation and malnutrition.

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Cell Metabolism

Quantitative Effects of Nutritional Essential Amino Acid Deficiency Upon Immune Responses to Tumors in Mice

Deficiency or imbalance of essential amino acids in the diet may produce profound depression of immune responses
and apparent, marked changes in the immune resistance of the host animal to tumors.…

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Journal of Experimental Medicine

Deficiency of dietary EAA preferentially inhibits mRNA translation of ribosomal proteins in liver of meal-fed rats.

…the proportion of rp mRNAs residing in polysomes was two- to fivefold less in rats fed diets lacking
tryptophan, leucine, or BCAA compared with rats fed the control diet.…

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National Center for Biotechnology Information

The role of amino acids in the regulation of protein synthesis in perfused rat liver. I. Reduction in rates of synthesis resulting from amino acid deprivation and recovery during flow-through perfusion

Decreased rates of protein synthesis which occurred in rat livers perfused with amino acid-deficient medium were accompanied by a loss of polysomes and a doubling of concentrations of ribosomal subunits and monomers as compared to unperfused liver or livers perfused with amino acid-supplemented medium.

Regulation of Global and Specific mRNA Translation by Amino Acids

Thus, deprivation of essential amino acids not only directly and rapidly represses global mRNA translation, but also potentially results in a reduction in the capacity to synthesize protein.

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The Journal of Nutrition

Regulation of Global and Specific mRNA Translation by Amino Acids

Effects of Supplementation and Depletion of a Single Essential Amino Acid on Hepatic Polyribosome Profile in Rats

…The results suggested that, when rats were fed a protein-free diet, methionine is the first limiting amino acid for liver protein synthesis.…
These results indicated that, under meal-feeding condition which may be considered more a physiological condition than force-feeding, the deficiency of

The case for regulating indispensable amino acid metabolism: the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase-knockout mouse

BCAAs (branched-chain amino acids) are indispensable (essential) amino acids that are required for body protein synthesis. Indispensable
amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be acquired from the diet…Twenty amino acids are required for protein synthesis.