A continuous supply of a complete complement of essential amino acids is a prerequisite for maintenance of optimal rates of protein synthesis in
both liver and skeletal muscle. Deprivation of even a single essential amino acid causes a decrease in the synthesis of essentially all cellular

Decreased rates of protein synthesis which occurred in rat livers perfused with amino acid-deficient medium were accompanied by a loss of
polysomesand a doubling of concentrations of ribosomal subunits and monomers as compared to unperfused liver or livers perfused with amino

…continued IAA depletion is incompatible with maintenance of protein synthesis and survival…

Link to Source:

Annual Review of Nutrition

Mechanisms of Food Intake Repression in Indispensable Amino Acid Deficiency

Limiting any essential amino acid initiates this signaling cascade, which leads to increased translation of a
“master regulator,” activating transcription factor (ATF) 4, and ultimately, to regulation of many steps
along the pathway of DNA to RNA to protein…

Link to Source:

Annual Review of Nutrition

In healthy adult humans, eight amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine,
tryptophan, and valine) were shown classically by nitrogen balance studies to be indispensable. Subsequent studies
classifying histidine as indispensable are reviewed in this article. We also review the evidence that in certain

Protein deficiency results in an increased susceptibility to dental caries,
suggesting that oral host-defense properties are compromised.

Link to Source:

Journal of Dental Research

Body composition changes as people get older. One of the noteworthy
alterations is the reduction in total body protein…This contributes to impaired wound healing, loss of skin
elasticity, and an inability to fight infection.…Protein tissue accounts for 30% of whole-body protein
turnover but that rate declines to 20% or less by age 70.…inadequate protein intake contributes to a decrease in reserve capacity,

…iodine malabsorption appears to be a long-term consequence of protein and calorie deficiency, and also might be regarded as a contributory factor for endemic goiter epidemiology…

Link to Source:

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

iodine malabsorpiton/protein deficiency

Swedish researchers now find drug-resistant bacteria have infiltrated one of the last outposts of wilderness, the Arctic, hitching a ride way up north on birds.

Link to Source:

Fox News

Drug-Resistant Bacteria Found in Arctic

Salmonella is an important cause of food-borne illnesses in humans. Farm animals and food of
animal origin form an important source of human Salmonella infections. Therefore, in order to
reduce the incidence of human salmonellosis in the European Union, the Community legislation
foresees setting of Salmonella reduction targets for food-animal populations including turkey